Sapphire
| Sapphire – International Crystals Encyclopedia https://www.gemzworld.com/
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| Origin – the place or situation from which something comes, the beginning of something’s existence, the point from which it starts out, the thing from which it is ultimately derived. |
| Sapphire is an aluminium oxide and is a variety of the mineral, Corundum. The crystals are mined from alluvial deposits and are found naturally by searching through sediments and rock formations as sometimes they may be difficult to mine from their primary source.
Though typically of a startling blue hue, the colour of the Sapphire may vary due to the impurity traces that can form within the mineral. Iron, titanium, chromium, copper and magnesium can turn a saphire blue, yellow, purple, orange and green respectively.
Large Sapphire deposits are mainly found in Thailand, Eastern Australia, North America, Madagascar, Eastern Africa and Sri Lanka.
All crystals belong to a different group according to the basis of the relationships of their axes. There are 7 systems and 32 classes of symmetry. Sapphire crystals belong to the Trigonal system.
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| History – the past considered as a whole, the whole series of past events connected with someone or sometihing, a continuous typically chronological record of importance. |
| The term Sapphire is said to be derived from a variety of ancient word sources. Some say it comes from Sanskrit where it is reffered to as Shanipriya. Shani means Saturn and Priya means dear. Hence the meaning ‘dear to Saturn’.
Others say the word derives from the Hebrew Sappir, the Greek, Sappheiros or the Latin, Sapphirus.
It is known to be one of the twelve precious stones featured in the High Priest of Israel’s breastplate whilst serving in the Holy Temple.
The ancient Persians were convinced that the world lay against a giant crystal of Sapphire hence the reflective blue in the colour of the sky. The Royalty of ancient Rome and Greece wore the Sapphire as a protection from evil and jealousy whilst the religious elders of the Middle Ages wore the Sapphire as a symbol of heaven.
In recent jtimes, the Sapphire has consistently been popular with Royalty. In England, both Princess Anne and Diana received engagement rings of Sapphire and cite it as a representation of wise and pure leadership.
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| Specification – the act of describing or identifying something precisely, a detailed description of the design and materials used to make something. |
| Sapphire crystals have a conchoidal, splintery fracture with a vitreous luster. They are the third hardest mineral, after diamond and moissanite, and measures a resounding 9.0 on the Mohs scale rating of hardness.
Some Sapphires (typically known as Star Sapphires) can project a star like reflection when viewed from overhead light which is known as asterism and can be caused by rutile trace inclusions of titanium dioxide.
The colour types of Sapphires are determined by the trace impurities formed within, usually signified by the geographical location of the deposits.
Sapphires are widely used in jewellery from the past to the present day and are also used in a variety of infrared optical components.
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| Varieties – a number or range of things of the same general class that are different or distinct in character or quality. |
| There are many different varieties of Saphire mainly determined by colour, these include and are not limited to;
- Padparadscha
- Star Sapphire
- Yellow Sapphire
- Green Sapphire
- Pink Sapphire
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| Esoteric Attributes – a quality or feature as characteristic of or possed by something. |
| Crystals by their very nature are able to receive and focus energy in different ways. Their molecular structure enables them to be used to amplify and convert energy and hence crystals have been used for centuries to aid healing and transmute energy both in the metaphysical and physical world.
Because each crystal family has different formational backgrounds, each also has different vibrational frequencies that can be harnesed and used for specific purposes. Each therefore have specific qualities that can be used to help a person heal on the many different levels of their being.
The following is a list of healing attributes associated with Sapphire crystals.
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| Mental: Sapphire is a stone of wisdom that fortifies the ability to focus the thoughts on collective life goals. |
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| Emotional: Sapphire brings an inner focus and calm that remains strong. It is a spiritual stone that brings the power of wisdom and astuteness. |
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| Physical: Sapphire crystals reduce blood pressure and the onslaught of fever. It is also used to strengthen the nerves and provides relief from pain. |
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Crystal Chart – Sapphire
| Crystal: |
Sapphire |
| Mineralogy: |
Aluminium Oxide | Corundum |
| Geometric form: |
Trigonal |
| Formation: |
Primary | Tertiary |
| Family: |
Corundum |
| Birthstone: |
Sapphire is the Birthstone of September and is primarily associated with the astrological sign of Virgo. |
| Appearance: |
Conchoidal, splintery fracture with a vitreous luster. The Saphire is the third hardest stone with a Mohs scale rating of 9.0. |
| Aura: |
Sapphire is used as a channel facilitator, channelling energies from the higher realms. It is used to boost spiritual and psychic energy and power. |
| Colour: |
Mainly a deep blue, vibrant hue, Sapphires can also be found in many other colours determined by the trace impurity within. |
| Chakra: |
Sapphires are primarily associated with the Throat Chakra and is also associated with the Third Eye and Crown Chakras. It is widely used for Chakra healing. |
International Crystals – References and resources:
Michael Gienger, Healing Crystals, Earthdancer Books, 2009
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Crystal, 6th ed. 2014
World of Earth Science, Quartz, 2003
Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology, Crystal Healing, 2001
http://gemstone-dictionary.com/birthstones-by-month.php
New Oxford American Dictionary
Read More
Emerald
| Emerald – International Crystals Encyclopedia https://www.gemzworld.com/
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| Origin – the place or situation from which something comes, the beginning of something’s existence, the point from which it starts out, the thing from which it is ultimately derived. |
| Emerald is a crystal which is a variety of the Beryl mineral. It takes it vibrant green colour from the trace amounts of chromium and, at times, vanadium that infiltrate the mineral.
The majority of the beryls are formed in igneous rocks and related gneisses, mica schists and pegamite dikes. On other, less frequent, occasions the crystal can also be sourced from sedimentary rocks which includes limestone and shale.
All crystals belong to a different group according to the basis of the relationships of their axes. There are 7 systems and 32 classes of symmetry. Emerald crystals belong to the Hexagonal system.
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| History – the past considered as a whole, the whole series of past events connected with someone or sometihing, a continuous typically chronological record of importance. |
| The name Emerald is derived from the ancient Greek word, Smaragdus, meaning green. It is also given its name from the middle English, Emeraude, and the vulgar Latin, Esmeraldus. It was referred to by Pliny the Elder as ‘nothing greens greener’ in his Natural History documentation dating back to the first century AD.
Ancient legend dictates that the emerald was one of the four precious stones given to Solomon by God which bequeathed the ruler with the power over all creation. The gem was also associated with Cleopatra who used it in her Royal costume. The first heralded emerald mines were said to be found in Egypt dating from around 300 BC.
The Incas used the stone in religious events and jewellery yet it wasn’t until the Spanish invaded the New World in 16th Century exploration that the gem found itself as a trade commodity and became prevalant in Europe and Asia.
As well as Egypt, early deposits were also mined in Austria and India from the 14th Century. Present day significant deposits are mined extensively in Columbia.
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| Specification – the act of describing or identifying something precisely, a detailed description of the design and materials used to make something. |
| Distinctive by their vibrant green hue, the emerald forms as a massive or crystalline habit with a dihexagonal dipyaramidal crystal symmetry. They are transparent to opaque however a high end gem would have to be transparent with a pure green hue to be classified accordingly.
The stone has a vitreous lustre and an conchoidal fracture and is relative to beryl in hardness, showing a Mohs scale rating of 7.5 -8.
Emeralds are used extensively for high end jewellery and adornment.
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| Varieties – a number or range of things of the same general class that are different or distinct in character or quality. |
| Emeralds are a unique stone that can appear in synthetic as well as natural form. Notable emeralds include:
- Duke of Devonshire Emerald
- Mogul Mughal Emerald
- Gachala Emerald
- Chalk Emerald
- Bahia Emerald
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| Esoteric Attributes – a quality or feature as characteristic of or possed by something. |
| Crystals by their very nature are able to receive and focus energy in different ways. Their molecular structure enables them to be used to amplify and convert energy and hence crystals have been used for centuries to aid healing and transmute energy both in the metaphysical and physical world.
Because each crystal family has different formational backgrounds, each also has different vibrtional frequencies that can be harnesed and used for specific purposes. Each therefore have specific qualities that can be used to help a person heal on the many different levels of their being.
The following is a list of healing attributes associated with Emerald crystals.
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| Mental: The emerald is said to encourage mental clarity and sharpen the memory. It strengthens the ability to seek things and acheive objectives set. |
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| Emotional: The stone aids regeneration and supports recuperation. It also brings justice and harmony and draws wisdom, unity, love and loyalty to a person. |
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| Physical: Emerald crystals aid the battle against diseases that affect the intestine, eyes and heart. It also helps with epilepsy, sinusitis and headaches. |
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Crystal Chart – Emerald
| Crystal: |
Emerald |
| Mineralogy: |
Beryl containing Chromium |
| Geometric form: |
Hexagonal |
| Formation: |
Primary | Tertiary |
| Family: |
Beryl |
| Birthstone: |
Emerald is the traditional birth stone of the month of May.
Astrology Birthstone (Zodiac) –Emerald is associated with the astrological signs of Gemini, Taurus and occasionally, Cancer. |
| Apperance: |
Vitreous lustre with conchoidal fracture. The stone is transparent with a Mohs scale hardness of 7.5-8. |
| Aura: |
Emeralds bring synchronicity to the aura and open up the channels of clarity in communication. It is revered for its green ray energy that brings healing and love. |
| Colour: |
Emeralds have a strikingly deep and vibrant, green hue. |
| Chakra: |
Emeralds are primarily asscoiated with the Heart Chakra for its strong ability to bring love and bliss. It will open up the heart and bring healing soothness. |
International Crystals – References and resources:
Michael Gienger, Healing Crystals, Earthdancer Books, 2009
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Crystal, 6th ed. 2014
World of Earth Science, Quartz, 2003
Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology, Crystal Healing, 2001
http://gemstone-dictionary.com/birthstones-by-month.php
New Oxford American Dictionary
Read More
Azurite
| Azurite – International Crystals Encyclopedia https://www.gemzworld.com/
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| Origin – the place or situation from which something comes, the beginning of something’s existence, the point from which it starts out, the thing from which it is ultimately derived. |
| Azurite is a crystal of secondary formation that is formed from copper carbonate and found in the upper oxidised portions of copper ore. It is often found mixed with another copper carbonate mineral, Malachite which has a bright green colour compared to the deep blue of the Azurite.
The crystal can be produced in smaller forms by quickly mixing a few drops of copper sulfate solution with a saturated solution of sodium carbonate and leaving it to settle overnight. The weathering of copper ore deposits produces the natural version of Azurite.
All crystals belong to a different group according to the basis of the relationships of their axes. There are 7 systems and 32 classes of symmetry. Agate crystals belong to the Monoclinic system.
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| History – the past considered as a whole, the whole series of past events connected with someone or sometihing, a continuous typically chronological record of importance. |
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Azurite has been known of since Ancient times and was mentioned under the Greek name Kuanos in Pliny the Elder’s Natural History. It was known as the Stone of Heaven by the ancient Chinese who believed it opened the channels and gateways to the Celestial realms. It was also respected by the Greeks and the Romans for its healing power and insight.
The stone was revered by the early Egyptians, Mayans, early Americans and the people of Atlantis for the higher wisdom properties it was thought to possess. In fact the Native Americans used it to contact their spiritual guide to enable them to understand the sacred messages that were imparted.
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| Specification – the act of describing or identifying something precisely, a detailed description of the design and materials used to make something. |
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Azurites appear to the naked eye as dark blue prismatic crystals. This soft stone can dissipate in colour as weathering occurs over time.
It has been used as a colour pigment through the ages and can be seen in paintings from the middle ages. It is occasionaly used as a jewellery stone and the crafting of beads however its softness and heat reducing colour acts as a deterrent for this purpose to be wholly popular. Instead it is coveted by collectors who advise to store it in a setting similar to its natural one in a sealed, dark and cool storage environment.
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| Varieties – a number or range of things of the same general class that are different or distinct in character or quality. |
| There are no varieties of Azurite, instead the stone is sometimes mistaken for lapis lazuli .
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| Esoteric Attributes – a quality or feature as characteristic of or possed by something. |
| Crystals by their very nature are able to receive and focus energy in different ways. Their molecular structure enables them to be used to amplify and convert energy and hence crystals have been used for centuries to aid healing and transmute energy both in the metaphysical and physical world.
Because each crystal family has different formational backgrounds, each also has different vibrtional frequencies that can be harnesed and used for specific purposes. Each therefore have specific qualities that can be used to help a person heal on the many different levels of their being.
The following is a list of healing attributes associated with Azurite crystals.
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| Mental: Azurite is said to increase self- awareness and recognition making you increasingly critical and reflective. |
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| Emotional: Azurite aids in the ability to sort out the solid ideas from the unexamined ones giving you the ability to discard the adopted ideas and create your own. |
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| Physical: Azurite aids in improving reflexes and is a stimulant to the thyroid gland, brains, nerves and liver. |
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Crystal Chart – Azurite
| Crystal: |
Azurite |
| Mineralogy: |
Alkaline Copper Carbonate Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| Geometric form: |
Monoclinic |
| Formation: |
Secondary |
| Family: |
Carbonate |
| Birthstone: |
Azurite is the Zodiac stone of Sagittarius and will also have a connection with Taureans.
It is a natural birthstone of those born as the vernal equinox is imminent and in the Spring. |
| Appearance: |
A soft stone with a deep blue hue that lightens as it weathers over time. Azurite is tabular, stalactitic, prismatic with a conchoidal fracture and a vitreous lustre. |
| Aura: |
Azurites are used by healers to help them open up the channels for clear psychic messages enabling greater energy clearings. It is very harmonic with Blue Ray and rainbow souls. |
| Colour: |
Azurite colour is an extremely deep blue that fades when exposed to the heat and light for long periods. |
| Chakra: |
Azurites energy opens the pathways to spiritual guidance through attunement with the Third Eye Chakra. It also allows for greater verbal propensity through the Throat Chakra. |
International Crystals – References and resources:
Michael Gienger, Healing Crystals, Earthdancer Books, 2009
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Crystal, 6th ed. 2014
World of Earth Science, Quartz, 2003
Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology, Crystal Healing, 2001
http://gemstone-dictionary.com/birthstones-by-month.php
New Oxford American Dictionary
Read More
Copper
| Copper – International Crystals Encyclopedia https://www.gemzworld.com/
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| Origin – the place or situation from which something comes, the beginning of something’s existence, the point from which it starts out, the thing from which it is ultimately derived. |
| Copper is a precious metal that has a red/orange metallic luster. It is present in the earth’s crust and can be found as a polycrystal.
The majority of copper is extracted from huge open pit mines as copper sulfides, it can also be found in crystals such as chalcocite and chalcopyrite, copper carbonates like malachite and azurite and cuprite which is classed as a copper oxide. The metal can also be extracted through the in-situ leach process which involves hydraulic drilling with a leaching solution to pump the copper to the surface.
All crystals belong to a different group according to the basis of the relationships of their axes. There are 7 systems and 32 classes of symmetry. Copper belongs to the face –centered Cubic system.
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| History – the past considered as a whole, the whole series of past events connected with someone or sometihing, a continuous typically chronological record of importance. |
| Copper has been used for over 10,000 years and has a history that can date back to the oldest civilizations. It is estimated that it was discovered in the Middle East as a pendant of copper was found in Northern Iraq that dates back to 8700 BC.
It is said that copper smelting was implemented in China around or before 2800 BC, in Central America around 600 AD and estimated at around 9th/10th AD in West Africa. A male, named when found as Otzi the Iceman, was thought to date back to 3300 BC and was discovered with a copper headed axe. His hair contained high levels of arsenic which was thought to suggest his involvement in copper smelting from that time.
Today copper is so widely used that concern has been raised over its reserves. Copper is recyclable and is used as an electricity conductor among many other things. Copper bracelets are widely used to ward off arthiritic symptoms.
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| Specification – the act of describing or identifying something precisely, a detailed description of the design and materials used to make something. |
| Copper appears alongside Silver and Gold in Group 11 of the Periodic table. It has a filled d-electron shell with a one s-orbital electron placed on top of it.
Copper is extremely soft and has a high thermal conductivity which is a factor in its extremely high electrical conductivity. It is usually fine grained in polycrystalline form and has a high ductility in single crystals.
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| Varieties – a number or range of things of the same general class that are different or distinct in character or quality. |
| Copper appears commonly as a compound, alloy or oxide. There are many different varieties of these.
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| Esoteric Attributes – a quality or feature as characteristic of or possed by something. |
| Crystals by their very nature are able to receive and focus energy in different ways. Their molecular structure enables them to be used to amplify and convert energy and hence crystals have been used for centuries to aid healing and transmute energy both in the metaphysical and physical world.
Because each crystal family has different formational backgrounds, each also has different vibrtional frequencies that can be harnesed and used for specific purposes. Each therefore have specific qualities that can be used to help a person heal on the many different levels of their being.
The following is a list of healing attributes associated with Copper crystals.
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| Mental: Copper is said to instill a sense of justice whilst it also lends itself to playful and fun creativity. |
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| Emotional: Copper brings harmony and a sense of beauty to all. It offers love for all human beings. |
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| Physical: Copper is well known as an arthiritic healing aid. It also strengthens the brain and liver and alleviates muscle cramps and menstrual pain. It is used for fertility purposes too. |
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Crystal Chart – Copper
| Crystal: |
Copper |
| Mineralogy: |
Natural Element |
| Geometric form: |
Cubic |
| Formation: |
Secondary |
| Family: |
Native |
| Birthstone: |
Copper is associated with the Astrological signs of Taurus and Sagittarius. |
| Apperance: |
Soft, fine fibrous pollycrystalline. |
| Aura: |
Copper is a conductor of energies of all things spiritual. It provides balance, synchronicity and opens up communication channels. |
| Colour: |
The colour copper is a distinct reddish brown. |
| Chakra: |
Copper is associated with the Root Chakra and secondary to the Sacral Chakra. It works with all the Chakras to draw in higher energies and open communication channels. |
International Crystals – References and resources:
Michael Gienger, Healing Crystals, Earthdancer Books, 2009
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Crystal, 6th ed. 2014
World of Earth Science, Quartz, 2003
Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology, Crystal Healing, 2001
http://gemstone-dictionary.com/birthstones-by-month.php
New Oxford American Dictionary
Read More
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