Amber


Amber – Gemzworld Crystals Encyclopedia

Origin – the place or situation from which something comes, the beginning of something’s existence, the point from which it starts, the thing from which it is ultimately derived.

Amber is derived from fossilised tree resin and can also be found in coal seams, where it is termed as resinite. Therefore not technically a Crystal

The types of Amber vary due to the degree and mix of chemical compounds and, as Amber originates as a soft and sticky resin mass that transforms to copal, it can also contain traces of plant and animal inclusions.

Amber can be found along coasts as it is cast up from the seafloor and dredged or mined from underground galleries. When extracted, nodules of blue earth are removed, and its opaque crust either eroded or removed by sand and water.

Amber is amorphous rather than crystalline and has a very low density, enabling it to float in saltwater. The leading source is in the Samland Coastal area of Prussia, which is known as the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. (changed in 1946)

History – the past considered whole, the whole series of past events connected with someone or something, a continuous typically chronological record of importance.

The name is derived from Arabic and referred originally to ambergris. It has sometimes been called Kahroba, which is a Persian term meaning that attracts straw.

Its source shores are the Baltic sea, yet it has been found on Neolithic sites away from source surmised due to trade routes established before the bronze age.

It is widely used in jewellery and more intriguingly for the mouth peace of pipes. The Turks use it in this regard as they say it is incapable of spreading infection when passing the lines from mouth to mouth.

Specification – the act of describing or identifying something precisely, a detailed description of the design and materials used to make something.

Amber is unusual in that the resin can contain exquisitely preserved plant structures, organisms, bugs and crustaceans. Anything that became covered by the resin when before it fossilised. The cavities shown in Amber are said to be where these organisms have disappeared.

Amber appears in various colours that, apart from the famous orange, yellow/brown, can range from white to almost black or, in rare cases, red, blue and green.

It usually appears in a translucent form that can be easily cut and polished for jewellery.

Varieties – A number or range of things of the same general class that are different or distinct in character or quality.

The types of Amber mainly refer to its colour of geographical source. These include:

  • Baltic Amber
  • Black Amber
  • Copal
  • Delatynite
  • Blue Amber
  • Dominican Amber

 

Esoteric Attributes – a quality or feature as characteristic of or possed by something.

Crystals, by their very nature, can receive and focus energy in different ways. Their molecular structure enables them to be used to amplify and convert energy. Hence, crystals have been used for centuries to aid healing and transmute energy both in the metaphysical and physical world.

Because each crystal family has different formational backgrounds, each also has different vibrational frequencies that can be harnessed and used for specific purposes. Each, therefore, have specific qualities that can be used to help a person heal on the many different levels of their being.

 

The following is a list of healing attributes associated with Amber.

Mental: Amber strengthens the belief in yourself and assists in positive mental well being.

Emotional: Amber aids cheerfulness and strengthens trust. It enables you to feel more carefree,

Physical: Amber is a healer in many areas, especially the spleen, gall bladder, stomach, joints, liver intestine, glands and mucous membrane. It is an aid against allergies, diabetes and rheumatism and also helps children with teething issues.

 

Crystal Chart – Amber

Crystal:                        Amber

Mineralogy:                Fossiliferous Resin

Geometric form:         Amphorous

Formation:                  Secondary

Family:                         Resin

Birthstone:                  Amber is a non-traditional birthstone for November, and it is associated with the Zodiac signs Leo, Aquarius, Pisces, Cancer and Scorpio

Appearance:               Resin lustre, unique in its cavities and external organism traces.

Aura:                           Amber releases and protects from negative energy and aligns the subtle bodies with the physical body.

Colour:                         Colours range from yellow to orange-brown, yet some Ambers can be red, green, blue and black.

Chakra:                        Amber is associated with the Sacral and Solar Plexus.

 

Gemzworld Crystals – References and resources:

 

Michael Gienger, Healing Crystals, Earthdancer Books, 2009

The Columbia Encyclopedia, Crystal, 6th ed. 2014

World of Earth Science, Quartz, 2003

Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology, Crystal Healing, 2001

http://gemstone-dictionary.com/birthstones-by-month.php

New Oxford American Dictionary

 

You can watch our Free Videos on Crystals HERE

Learn to become a Crystal Therapist HERE

Find out the benefits of a Crystal Healing Session HERE

See our wonderful selection of Healing Crystals HERE

 

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Tiger Iron


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Pyrite


Pyrite (Cubes) – International Crystals Encyclopedia https://www.gemzworld.com/

 

 
 
Originthe place or situation from which something comes, the beginning of something’s existence, the point from which it starts out, the thing from which it is ultimately derived.
Pyrite is a mineral that is also known as ‘Fools Gold’. It is a common sulfide mineral incorporating iron that is formed along with other oxides and sulfides in quartz veins, metamorphic rock and sedimentary rock settlements. It can also be found as a replacement mineral in fossils and in coal beds.

 

Pyrite usually forms as a cubic shaped crystal and sometimes fuses closely to appear in a framboid shape. This shape is a distinguishing factor between Pyrite and Gold as Pyrite is smilar in colour however the shape differs in that gold has an irregular shape and Pyrite has a cubic formation. This is the reason for the term ‘Fools Gold’.

 

All crystals belong to a different group according to the basis of the relationships of their axes. There are 7 systems and 32 classes of symmetry. Pyrite cubic crystals belong to the Cubic system.

 

 
Historythe past considered as a whole, the whole series of past events connected with someone or sometihing, a continuous typically chronological record of importance.
This sparky mineral’s name derived from the Greek word ‘Pyr’ meaning fire as it was commonly used for creating sparks when struck with iron. It has been dated back to uses in prehistoric times by archeologists.

 

The Roman documenter and philosopher, Pliny the Elder, refers to Pyrite as a group of stones that emit sparks when struck. Specifically one which was coloured brass, which is deemed to be the Pyrite we refer to now.

 

The Atzecs and Mayans also used Pyrite to craft exquisitely produced mirrors using tiny pieces of pyrite melded closely together. Many of these did not last due to the iron oxidisation within. They were situated in royal and noble tombs and temples and were said to represent noble or royal heritage.

 

In the 20th Century, Pyrite was used in radio receivers and is also associated with low cost photovoltaic solar panels. It was also popular in the making of marcasite jewelery.

 
Specificationthe act of describing or identifying something precisely, a detailed description of the design and materials used to make something.
Pyrite has an indistinct cleavage with a very uneven and sometimes conchoidal fracture.

It has a brittle tenacity and a metallic or glistening luster. The mineral has a gravity of 4.95 – 5.10 and measures 6-6.5 on the Mohs scale rating of hardness.

 

 

 
Varietiesa number or range of things of the same general class that are different or distinct in character or quality.
Pyrite groups include but are not limited to:

 

  • Cattierite
  • Vaesite

 

 

 
Esoteric Attributesa quality or feature as characteristic of or possed by something.
Crystals by their very nature are able to receive and focus energy in different ways. Their molecular structure enables them to be used to amplify and convert energy and hence crystals have been used for centuries to aid healing and transmute energy both in the metaphysical and physical world.

 

Because each crystal family has different formational backgrounds, each also has different vibrational frequencies that can be harnesed and used for specific purposes. Each therefore have specific qualities that can be used to help a person heal on the many different levels of their being.

 

The following is a list of healing attributes associated with Pyrite crystals.

 

Mental: Pyrite is a mirror mineral and strengthens the insight that the negative things that we may recognise in others can also be present in ourselves.
 
Emotional: Pyrite enables us to search for the solution to conflict or disturbances with determination and tenacity.
 
Physical: Pyrite has the ability to determine the root cause of confusing symptom presentations that manifest from diseases and properly assess and provide remedial solutions for the ailment.
 

 

Crystal Chart – Pyrite

 

Crystal: Pyrite
Mineralogy: Cubic Iron Sulfide
Geometric form: Cubic
Formation: Secondary
Family: Sulfides
Birthstone: Pyrite is associated with the Astrological sign of Leo.
Appearance: Brittle tenacity and a metallic or glistening luster. The mineral has a gravity of 4.95 – 5.10 and measures 6-6.5 on the Mohs scale rating of hardness.
Aura: Pyrite is often used as a shield to negative energies as it is known as a protective stone that repairs leaks and auric tears. It is also used to stimulate the energies for manifestation purposes.
Colour: Gold or brassy colours.
Chakra: Pyrite is associated with all Chakras as it  establishes energy connections between all whilst also drawing the manifeatation of higher ideas into rooted reality.

 

 

 

International Crystals – References and resources:

 

Michael Gienger, Healing Crystals, Earthdancer Books, 2009

The Columbia Encyclopedia, Crystal, 6th ed. 2014

World of Earth Science, Quartz, 2003

Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology, Crystal Healing, 2001

http://gemstone-dictionary.com/birthstones-by-month.php

New Oxford American Dictionary

 

 

 

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Aragonite


Aragonite – International Crystals Encyclopedia https://www.gemzworld.com/

 

 
 
Originthe place or situation from which something comes, the beginning of something’s existence, the point from which it starts out, the thing from which it is ultimately derived.
Aragonite is a carbonate mineral that is a naturally occuring crystal form of calcium carbonate CaCO3. The formation occurs from both physical and biological processes which includes the precipitation from the freshwater and sea water environments.

 

Aragonite is a secondary formation has a different crystal lattice to calcite which is defined by its orthorhombic system with acicular crystals that is repeatedly twinned to result in pseudo-hexagonal forms. It may also be columnar or appear in stalactitic form.

 

Aragonite forms naturally in mollusk shells and because the mineral deposition in these shells are strongly controlled biologically, they can differ in formation to inorganic Aragonite.

 

All crystals belong to a different group according to the basis of the relationships of their axes. There are 7 systems and 32 classes of symmetry. Aragonite crystals belong to the Orthorhombic system.

 

 
Historythe past considered as a whole, the whole series of past events connected with someone or sometihing, a continuous typically chronological record of importance.
Aragonite is a recent crystal that was noted in the Spanish area of Aragon. It was named for this location in 1790.

 

The crystal is found globally but notably in Mexico and the Czech Republic. As well as a distinctive crystal it is also used to make soil neutralisers and cement. The formation is also vital for the replicarion of reef conditions and is used in aquariums to maintain the natural levels of the PH in the water.

 

 

 
Specificationthe act of describing or identifying something precisely, a detailed description of the design and materials used to make something.
Aragonite can differ in form in its natural state as repeated twinning results in pseudo-hexagonal forms. They can be columnar or fibrous and can also be found as flos-ferri which is a stalatitic form that translates to flowers of iron.

 

 
Varietiesa number or range of things of the same general class that are different or distinct in character or quality.
Aragonite NOT SURE of VARIETIES

 

 
Esoteric Attributesa quality or feature as characteristic of or possed by something.
Crystals by their very nature are able to receive and focus energy in different ways. Their molecular structure enables them to be used to amplify and convert energy and hence crystals have been used for centuries to aid healing and transmute energy both in the metaphysical and physical world.

 

Because each crystal family has different formational backgrounds, each also has different vibrtional frequencies that can be harnesed and used for specific purposes. Each therefore have specific qualities that can be used to help a person heal on the many different levels of their being.

 

The following is a list of healing attributes associated with Aragonite crystals.

 

Mental: Aragonite aids in providing calmness to erratic behaviour and therby increases concentration levels. The crystal supports clarity of communication increased tolerance in difficult situations.
 
Emotional: Aragonite heps to balance over sensitivity and gives focus when things begin to develop quickly.  It is a grounding stone that encourages practicality and reliability.
 
Physical: Aragonite is an aid to the digestive system. It gives strength to the immune system, bones, muscle and discs and helps to combact nervous spasms. The stone also aids in the strengthening of physical stamina.
 

 

Crystal Chart – Aragonite

 

Crystal: Aragonite
Mineralogy: Calcium Carbonate
Geometric form: Orthorhombic | Trigonal
Formation: Secondary
Family: Carbonate
Birthstone: Aragonite is not a traditional month Birthstone. It is associated with the Astrological Sign of Capricorn.

 

Appearance: Pseudohexagonal, prismatic, columnar, stalactitic with internal banding. Vitreous, subconchoidal and brittle.
Aura: Aragonite crystals are often used to clear and activate the channels of the aura allowing for greater expression in communication.
Colour: Colours range from brown, red , blue, yellow, white, green and orange.
Chakra: Aragonite is used with the Root and Earth Chakras to ground and connect. It is also associated with the Crown and Sacral Chakras.

 

 

 

International Crystals – References and resources:

 

Michael Gienger, Healing Crystals, Earthdancer Books, 2009

The Columbia Encyclopedia, Crystal, 6th ed. 2014

World of Earth Science, Quartz, 2003

Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology, Crystal Healing, 2001

http://gemstone-dictionary.com/birthstones-by-month.php

New Oxford American Dictionary

 

 

 

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Aventurine


Aventurine – International Crystals Encyclopedia https://www.gemzworld.com/

 

 
 
Originthe place or situation from which something comes, the beginning of something’s existence, the point from which it starts out, the thing from which it is ultimately derived.
Aventurine is a crystal of primary formation which means it was formed from molten magma. This usualy happens in cavities in volcanoes where the combination of chemistary and structural arrangements of mineral deposits, atoms and substances pass from gas or liquid into a solid state or by means of going out of solution by precipitation or evaporation.

 

Aventurine is a type of Quartz which is a Silicate mineral. It is classified as a macrocrystalline crystal which means that it is large enough to be viewed without a microscope. The Aventurine is known for its shimmering or glistening effect which is caused by mineral trace inclusions of fuschite which allows for a silvery blue| green sheen. Aventurine is also found in the colours of pink, red and white.

 

All crystals belong to a different group according to the basis of the relationships of their axes. There are 7 systems and 32 classes of symmetry. Aventurine crystals belong to the Trigonal system.

 

 
Historythe past considered as a whole, the whole series of past events connected with someone or sometihing, a continuous typically chronological record of importance.
The crystal derives its name from the italian term a ventura which means by chance. This is attributed to the discovery of aventurine glass or goldstone at a time within the 18th Century.

 

The crystal is also said to honour the Irish Goddess of fertility, Brigit and the Phoenician Earth Goddess, Dione.

 

Aventurine is found largely in India and also in Spain, Russia and Chile. It is primarily used to be crafted into figurines and beads though some of the finer stones are used in jewellery.

 

 

 
Specificationthe act of describing or identifying something precisely, a detailed description of the design and materials used to make something.
 

As a stone, the physical aspects of Aventurine vary and its hardness is lower than the single crystal quartz. Aventurine is often banded and can in cases be viiewed as opaque when an over infusion of fuschite is prevelant.

 

The stone is mainly carved into figurines with the fine stone used to craft cabochons and later set into jewellery.

 

 
Varietiesa number or range of things of the same general class that are different or distinct in character or quality.
The Aventurine stnes are mainly classed as colour varieties. These include

 

  • Aventurine Red
  • Aventurine Pink
  • Aventurine Brown
  • Aventurine Green
  • Aventurine Blue
  • Aventurine Orange
  • Aventurine Yellow
  • Aventurine White

 

 

 
Esoteric Attributesa quality or feature as characteristic of or possed by something.
Crystals by their very nature are able to receive and focus energy in different ways. Their molecular structure enables them to be used to amplify and convert energy and hence crystals have been used for centuries to aid healing and transmute energy both in the metaphysical and physical world.

 

Because each crystal family has different formational backgrounds, each also has different vibrtional frequencies that can be harnesed and used for specific purposes. Each therefore have specific qualities that can be used to help a person heal on the many different levels of their being.

 

The following is a list of healing attributes associated with Agate crystals.

 

Mental: Aventurine can assist with sleep disorders and alleviate stress and nervousness. It prevents the mind from being disturbed by constantly racing thoughts.
 
Emotional: As well as aiding stress and providing relieving calm, Aventurine also helps promote an easy going nature.
 
Physical: Aventurine helps to alleviate sunburn and rashes. It also alleviates inflammation and sun stroke. The stone is a strong protection against arteriosclerosis and heart attacks.
 

 

Crystal Chart – Aventurine

 

Crystal: Aventurine
Mineralogy: Glittering Quartz, Silicate SiO2
Geometric form: Trigonal
Formation: Primary (moltan magma)
Family: Quartz
Birthstone: Aventurine is associated with the Astrological Sign of Aries. (One site says Taurus)
Appearance: Opaque to glistening due to the prescence of fucshite within the quartz. Banded and transluscent.
Aura: Aventurine helps the aura to be protected and stable. It brings strong earth energy in meditation which enables clarity of the vision of life offering.
Colour: Colours range from shimmering greens to variations of red, brown, yellow, blue, orange and white.
Chakra: Aventurines connection to Chakras vary by colour with all Chakras benefitting in some form from the stone.

 

 

 

International Crystals – References and resources:

 

Michael Gienger, Healing Crystals, Earthdancer Books, 2009

The Columbia Encyclopedia, Crystal, 6th ed. 2014

World of Earth Science, Quartz, 2003

Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology, Crystal Healing, 2001

http://gemstone-dictionary.com/birthstones-by-month.php

New Oxford American Dictionary

 

 

 

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Calcite


Calcite – International Crystals Encyclopedia https://www.gemzworld.com/

 

 
 
Originthe place or situation from which something comes, the beginning of something’s existence, the point from which it starts out, the thing from which it is ultimately derived.
 

Calcite is a carbonate mineral of secondary formation that is common to sedimentary rocks, including limestone, yet much of which is formed from the shells of long dead marine organisms.

 

Calcite forms in two stages. The particles from amorphous calcium carbonate dehydrate and crystallize to appear as individual particles of vaterite in the first stage. The second stage is slower where the vaterite transforms through a dissolution and reprecipitation mechanism, into calcite.

 

Calcite can also be found in volcanic rocks such as kimberlites, carbonatites and rarely in peridotites.

 

All crystals belong to a different group according to the basis of the relationships of their axes. There are 7 systems and 32 classes of symmetry. Calcite crystals belong to the Trigonal system.

 

 
Historythe past considered as a whole, the whole series of past events connected with someone or sometihing, a continuous typically chronological record of importance.
Calcite comes from the Greek word Chalix which means lime. This could be linked to its common appearance in limestone rocks.

 

The formation is one of the most common minerals on planet earth and is estimated to make up about 4% in weight of the planet earth’s crust.

 

Calcite is found in many cave formations of which the majority, including stalagmites and stalactites are made from Calcite.

 

The crystal is found all over the world. Notable deposits include Palm Wash, California, Iceland, Mexico, Germany, Brazil, England, India and Africa.

 
Specificationthe act of describing or identifying something precisely, a detailed description of the design and materials used to make something.
Calcites come in many different shapes and colours. They can form obtuse to acute, tabular, prismatic and as various scalenohedra.

 

Single calcite can stand out for its refraction where the optical property birefringence appears and causes objects viewed through the crystal to appear doubled.

 

As it is a soft crystal with a Moh hardness of 3 it is rarely used as jewellery, instead it is more a collectors stone.

 

 
Varietiesa number or range of things of the same general class that are different or distinct in character or quality.
There are many different varieties of Calcite, these include and are not limited to;

 

  • Angel Wing Calcite
  • Blue Calcite
  • Cobalto Calcite
  • Green Calcite
  • Honey Calcite
  • Mangano Calcite
  • Optical Calcite
  • Red Calcite

 

 

 
Esoteric Attributesa quality or feature as characteristic of or possed by something.
Crystals by their very nature are able to receive and focus energy in different ways. Their molecular structure enables them to be used to amplify and convert energy and hence crystals have been used for centuries to aid healing and transmute energy both in the metaphysical and physical world.

 

Because each crystal family has different formational backgrounds, each also has different vibrtional frequencies that can be harnesed and used for specific purposes. Each therefore have specific qualities that can be used to help a person heal on the many different levels of their being.

 

The following is a list of healing attributes associated with Calcite crystals.

 

Mental: Calcite is known for the stone of the mind and is associated with students and academics. It promotes confidence in thinking and improves the memory. It allows for increased power of discernment and gives the ability to react quickly in mental situations.
 
Emotional: Calcite is a calming, centering stone that aids in inward strength and stability.  It improves development and confidence in the outward appearance.
 
Physical: Calcite aids in the fortification of bones, teeth mucous membrane, connective tissue and intestine. It also promotes healthy growth in children.
 

 

Crystal Chart – Calcite

 

Crystal: Calcite
Mineralogy: Calcium Carbonate
Geometric form: Trigonal
Formation: Secondary
Family: Carbonate
Birthstone: Calcite is associated with the Astrological sign of Cancer.
Apperance: Glass like, waxy lustre, white streak, translucent, striped, banded.
Aura: Calcite is a strong cleanser of energy allowing for greater amplification of the energy within the Aura. It clears negative and old energies to open channels for greater energies to pass through.
Colour: Colours range from blue, black, clear, golden, pink, red, yellow and white among others.
Chakra: Calcite aligns with a variety of Chakras dependent on the colour of the crystal.

 

 

 

International Crystals – References and resources:

 

Michael Gienger, Healing Crystals, Earthdancer Books, 2009

The Columbia Encyclopedia, Crystal, 6th ed. 2014

World of Earth Science, Quartz, 2003

Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology, Crystal Healing, 2001

http://gemstone-dictionary.com/birthstones-by-month.php

New Oxford American Dictionary

 

 

 

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Carnelian


16625

 

Origin

The Carnelian crystal is a perfect pick-me-up stone. It is largely found in India and derives from a mineral of the Quartz family known as Chalcedony (Cryptocrystalline). Its name descends from the Latin word meaning flesh coloured. The stone is an agate class of chalcedony bearing protection energies. This second chakra stone varies from deep brown red to red orange hues.

Carnelian was once considered strictly the property of the noble class. People who held high social statuses were buried with this stone. Carnelian is one of the oldest stones used for jewellery dating back to 3000 BCE and was found in Egyptian tombs. It is one of the oldest protection stones acting as a guardian from negative forces and activates the first three chakras to bring a surge of life force and creative energies.

Carnelian is found primarily in India as well as various sites in South America, Brazil, India, Siberia and Germany. It is a variety of chalcedony. The most favourable are deep red to red orange hue in colour.

Carnelian is very similar to Sard which is harder and darker but are both varieties of the silica mineral chalcedony and coloured by impurities of iron oxide. Carnelian is formed by silica-rich water percolating through cavities and fissures in volcanic rock. It does not have a typical lattice, usually found in quartz, it is formed from the dissolving of other minerals containing silicates. The packed fibres form in concentric circles or parallel bands,

Physical

Physically Carnelian increases blood circulation, aids sexual anxieties and alleviates problems with the liver, spleen, kidneys and bladder. It improves the quality of blood, stimulates the small intestines, metabolism, circulation and blood flow.

Emotional

It is a crystal of courage, vitality, sexuality, action and confidence. The stone promotes positive life choices, increases self-esteem, creativity and acts as a motivation for success. It enhances the energies for creating your dreams into a reality.

It promotes idealism, a sense of community and pragmatism. It encourages vigour, courage, stability and good moods.

Mentally Carnelian aids mediation, analytical skills and concentration. It aids memory including recalling past lives. It is one of the most healing crystals for healing trauma, stress and emotional wounds which have accumulated in the etheric body and are manifesting as physical properties

Attributes

Specifications

Mineral : Chalcedony
Geometric Form : Secondary
Formation : Cryptocrystalline
Family: Quartz
Colour Ray: Orange
Birthstone: July / Virgo
Appearance: Dull greasy silky waxy orange
Aura: Orange
Colour: Orange red yellow brown black
Chakra: Sacral

 

 

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Citrine


Citrine – International Crystals Encyclopedia https://www.gemzworld.com/

 

 
 
Originthe place or situation from which something comes, the beginning of something’s existence, the point from which it starts out, the thing from which it is ultimately derived.
Citrine is a yellow variety of Quartz which belongs to one of the largest family of minerals; silicates.

Citrine is a crystal of primary formation which means it was formed from molten magma. This usualy happens in cavities in volcanoes where the combination of chemistary and structural arrangements of mineral deposits, atoms and substances pass from gas or liquid into a solid state or by means of going out of solution by precipitation or evaporation. This process creates silica acid which in turn cools to Quartz crystals which, when trace particles of iron infiltrate, turns into Citrine.

 

Though Citrine occurs naturally, it is widely man made when amethysts or smoky quartz are heat treated at high temperatures so that the colour appears similar to citrine. These burnt citrines may contain indiscernable stripes, whereas natural Citrine gives a more cloudy appearance.

 

All crystals belong to a different group according to the basis of the relationships of their axes. There are 7 systems and 32 classes of symmetry. Citrine crystals belong to the Trigonal system.

 

 
Historythe past considered as a whole, the whole series of past events connected with someone or sometihing, a continuous typically chronological record of importance.
The Citrine name was assigned to yellow quartz in 1546. The name is derived from the Latin Citrina, which means yellow. It was known as a merchent stone and was said to attract prosperity for their owner.

 

The history of the stone being documented is unclear as throughout it has been mistaken and traded as other stones such as gold and smoky topaz.

 

The natural stones are widely sought and are quite rare. They are mostly found around amethyst mines with the most important natural deposits sourced within the US, Madagascar and Brazil.

 
Specificationthe act of describing or identifying something precisely, a detailed description of the design and materials used to make something.
Natural Citrine appears cloudy or smoky. It is vitreous and transparent with a very brittle conchoidal fracture. It can sometimes have a white streak.

 

Citrine made from heat treated smoky quartz or amethyst can appear to have slight bands running through the stone. It is very hard to tell the difference and is ususally only discernable by gem specialists.

 

 

 

 
Varietiesa number or range of things of the same general class that are different or distinct in character or quality.
Citrine is a type of Quartz of the yellow variety. It can sometimes be associated with Ametrine, Amethyst, Smoky Quartz and Gold Quartz.

 

 

 
Esoteric Attributesa quality or feature as characteristic of or possed by something.
Crystals by their very nature are able to receive and focus energy in different ways. Their molecular structure enables them to be used to amplify and convert energy and hence crystals have been used for centuries to aid healing and transmute energy both in the metaphysical and physical world.

 

Because each crystal family has different formational backgrounds, each also has different vibrtional frequencies that can be harnesed and used for specific purposes. Each therefore have specific qualities that can be used to help a person heal on the many different levels of their being.

 

The following is a list of healing attributes associated with Citrine crystals.

 

Mental: Citrine is a joyful, positive crystal that helps to deal with and gives understanding to absorbed impressions.
 
Emotional: Citrine uplifts the emotions and gives a positivity and courage to deal with everyday life. It helps to lift depression and aids self-expression.
 
Physical: Citrine can aid with bed wetting. It strengthens the nerves, pancreas, spleen and stomach.
 

 

Crystal Chart – Citrine

 

Crystal: Citrine
Mineralogy: Yellow Crystal Quartz
Geometric form: Trigonal
Formation: Primary
Family: Silicates
Birthstone: Citrine is associated with the Astrological signs of Libra, Leo, Gemini and Aries.
Appearance: Vitreous, transparent with a brittle conchoidal fracture. Natural crystals will have a smoky, cloudy hue.
Aura: Citrine is a powerful cleanser that is an Aura protector. It grounds negative energy and acts as an early warning system so the protection process can begin to deal with situations as they begin to arise.
Colour: Colours range from yellows, browns and golds. It may sometimes have a white streak.
Chakra: Citrine is associated with the Solar Plexus Chakra and is a cleanser of all Chakras.

 

 

 

International Crystals – References and resources:

 

Michael Gienger, Healing Crystals, Earthdancer Books, 2009

The Columbia Encyclopedia, Crystal, 6th ed. 2014

World of Earth Science, Quartz, 2003

Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology, Crystal Healing, 2001

http://gemstone-dictionary.com/birthstones-by-month.php

New Oxford American Dictionary

 

 

 

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Copper


Copper – International Crystals Encyclopedia https://www.gemzworld.com/

 

 
 
Originthe place or situation from which something comes, the beginning of something’s existence, the point from which it starts out, the thing from which it is ultimately derived.
Copper is a precious metal that has a red/orange metallic luster. It is present in the earth’s crust and can be found as a polycrystal.

 

The majority of copper is extracted from huge open pit mines as copper sulfides, it can also be found in crystals such as chalcocite and chalcopyrite, copper carbonates like malachite and azurite and cuprite which is classed as a copper oxide. The metal can also be extracted through the in-situ leach process which involves hydraulic drilling with a leaching solution to pump the copper to the surface.

 

All crystals belong to a different group according to the basis of the relationships of their axes. There are 7 systems and 32 classes of symmetry. Copper belongs to the face –centered Cubic system.

 

 
Historythe past considered as a whole, the whole series of past events connected with someone or sometihing, a continuous typically chronological record of importance.
Copper has been used for over 10,000 years and has a history that can date back to the oldest civilizations. It is estimated that it was discovered in the Middle East as a pendant of copper was found in Northern Iraq that dates back to 8700 BC.

 

It is said that copper smelting was implemented in China around or before 2800 BC, in Central America around 600 AD and estimated at around 9th/10th AD in West Africa. A male, named when found as Otzi the Iceman, was thought to date back to 3300 BC and was discovered with a copper headed axe. His hair contained high levels of arsenic which was thought to suggest his involvement in copper smelting from that time.

 

Today copper is so widely used that concern has been raised over its reserves. Copper is recyclable and is used as an electricity conductor among many other things. Copper bracelets are widely used to ward off arthiritic symptoms.

 

 

 

 
Specificationthe act of describing or identifying something precisely, a detailed description of the design and materials used to make something.
Copper appears alongside Silver and Gold in Group 11 of the Periodic table. It has a filled d-electron shell with a one s-orbital electron placed on top of it.

Copper is extremely soft and has a high thermal conductivity which is a factor in its extremely high electrical conductivity. It is usually fine grained in polycrystalline form and has a high ductility in single crystals.

 

 
Varietiesa number or range of things of the same general class that are different or distinct in character or quality.
Copper appears commonly as a compound, alloy or oxide. There are many different varieties of these.

 

 

 
Esoteric Attributesa quality or feature as characteristic of or possed by something.
Crystals by their very nature are able to receive and focus energy in different ways. Their molecular structure enables them to be used to amplify and convert energy and hence crystals have been used for centuries to aid healing and transmute energy both in the metaphysical and physical world.

 

Because each crystal family has different formational backgrounds, each also has different vibrtional frequencies that can be harnesed and used for specific purposes. Each therefore have specific qualities that can be used to help a person heal on the many different levels of their being.

 

The following is a list of healing attributes associated with Copper crystals.

 

Mental: Copper is said to instill a sense of justice whilst it also lends itself to playful and fun creativity.
 
Emotional: Copper brings harmony and a sense of beauty to all. It offers love for all human beings.
 
Physical: Copper is well known as an arthiritic healing aid. It also strengthens the brain and liver and alleviates muscle cramps and menstrual pain. It is used for fertility purposes too.
 

 

Crystal Chart – Copper

 

Crystal: Copper
Mineralogy: Natural Element
Geometric form: Cubic
Formation: Secondary
Family: Native
Birthstone: Copper is associated with the Astrological signs of Taurus and Sagittarius.
Apperance: Soft, fine fibrous pollycrystalline.
Aura: Copper is a conductor of energies of all things spiritual. It provides balance, synchronicity and opens up communication channels.
Colour: The colour copper is a distinct reddish brown.
Chakra: Copper is associated with the Root Chakra and secondary to the Sacral Chakra. It works with all the Chakras to draw in higher energies and open communication channels.

 

 

 

International Crystals – References and resources:

 

Michael Gienger, Healing Crystals, Earthdancer Books, 2009

The Columbia Encyclopedia, Crystal, 6th ed. 2014

World of Earth Science, Quartz, 2003

Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology, Crystal Healing, 2001

http://gemstone-dictionary.com/birthstones-by-month.php

New Oxford American Dictionary

 

 

 

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