Origin – the place or situation from which something comes, the beginning of something’s existence, the point from which it starts out, the thing from which it is ultimately derived.
Turquoise is a hydrated phosphate of aluminium and copper. Formed as a secondary mineral, the crystal occurs from the oxidation and weathering of pre-existing minerals where the perculation of acidic aqueous solutions occur.
The stone is mainly found in the veins or fractures of altered volcanic rock (that contains a mixture of secondary minerals, such as chalcopyrite and malachite, in itself) in arid areas.
On occasions sources may be found that originate from hydrothermal processes at high temperature within a significant depth. These formations rise upwards and the secondary minerals are formed as the process cools. This is referred to as a hypogene origin.
The main sources of Turquoise are found in Iran, Sinai and the U.S.
All crystals belong to a different group according to the basis of the relationships of their axes. There are 7 systems and 32 classes of symmetry. Turquoise crystals belong to the Triclinic system.
History – the past considered as a whole, the whole series of past events connected with someone or sometihing, a continuous typically chronological record of importance.
Turquoise has been revered throughout the ages and is thought to be one of the oldest gems that was first brought into Europe.
It was worn by the Aztecs, the Shan Dynasty of China and the rulers of anicent Egypt amongst other great ancient tribes.
The Aztecs wore turquoise in ceremonial masks and artifacts as well as using it to adorn weaponry and ornamentation. As well as the Aztecs, the Apache, Pueblo and Navajo tribes used it as an amulet as it was thought to promote a sure fire aim in battle.
In Persia and India the gem was used for decoration on headwear and objects of use, like bridles. It was also used in esteemed architectural buidlings like the Taj Mahal.
The gem has been revered for centuries as a talisman were it was believed to be holy and bring good fortune. Evidence of turquoise was found as far back as 3000 BC in ancient egyptian grave sites and was known to have been worn around the wrist and necks of the ancient persians to ward off impending doom and unnatural death.
Turquoise is still a prized gem today and used widely in jewellery and ornamentation.
Specification – the act of describing or identifying something precisely, a detailed description of the design and materials used to make something.
Turquoise has a conchoidal fracture with a waxy to sub vitreous luster. The cleavage is good to perfect and the stone has a bluish white streak. Turquoise measures 5-7 on the Mohs scale hardness rating.
Varieties – a number or range of things of the same general class that are different or distinct in character or quality.
Turquoise is a crystal where the variety is mainly determined by the source location. Types include but are not limited to;
Persian
American
Mexican
Egyptian
Turquoise Matrix
Esoteric Attributes – a quality or feature as characteristic of or possed by something.
Crystals by their very nature are able to receive and focus energy in different ways. Their molecular structure enables them to be used to amplify and convert energy and hence crystals have been used for centuries to aid healing and transmute energy both in the metaphysical and physical world.
Because each crystal family has different formational backgrounds, each also has different vibrational frequencies that can be harnesed and used for specific purposes. Each therefore have specific qualities that can be used to help a person heal on the many different levels of their being.
The following is a list of healing attributes associated with Turquoise crystals.
Mental: Turquoise is an aid to the identification of the cause of ones happiness or sadness and then to master those emotions.
Emotional: Turquoise is a stone of harmony that makes one more cheerful. The crystal is also a protection against outside or external influences.
Physical: Turquoise is an aid to the alleviation of cramps, stomach pains, gout and rhuematism. It also helps with hyperacidity and exhaustion.
Crystal Chart – Turquoise
Crystal:
Turquoise
Mineralogy:
Alkaline copper aluminium phosphate
Geometric form:
Triclinic
Formation:
Secondary
Family:
Phosphates
Birthstone:
Turquoise is the traditional birthstone of those born in the month of December. The crystal is also associated with the astrological signs of Scorpio, Pisces and Sagittarius.
Appearance:
Turquoise has a conchoidal fracture with a waxy to sub vitreous luster. The cleavage is good to perfect and the stone has a bluish white streak. Turquoise measures 5-7 on the Mohs scale hardness rating.
Aura:
Turquoise is a healing and protective stone that is used to channel the communicative energies between the spiritual and physical realms.
Colour:
Blue to Green hues of colour
Chakra:
Turquoise is primarily asssociated with the Throat Chakra where it opens clear communication channels to the heart and releases old behavoiurs that are not required any more. The stone is also associated with the Third Eye Chakra.
International Crystals – References and resources:
Michael Gienger, Healing Crystals, Earthdancer Books, 2009
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Crystal, 6th ed. 2014
World of Earth Science, Quartz, 2003
Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology, Crystal Healing, 2001
Origin – the place or situation from which something comes, the beginning of something’s existence, the point from which it starts out, the thing from which it is ultimately derived.
Labradorite is a Feldspar variety of mineral and is classed within the plagioclase series as intermediate to calcic. The mineral forms in mafic igneous rocks and can also be found as a detrital component of sediments and in metamorphic amphibolites.Labradorite is the most common variety of Feldspar that is found in gabbro and basalt where it appears as gray to white, lath shaped to blocky grains.
All crystals belong to a different group according to the basis of the relationships of their axes. There are 7 systems and 32 classes of symmetry. Labradorite crystals belong to the Triclinic system.
History – the past considered as a whole, the whole series of past events connected with someone or sometihing, a continuous typically chronological record of importance.
Labradorite is named for the location it was discovered in; Labrador in Canada. It was discovered in 1770 by Moravian missionaries and was valued for its ability to flash mystical, coloured light when viewed at an angle.This magical ‘fire rock’ was used in powdered form to cure ailments by the natives of Labrador who comprised of the inland American inuit and the coastal Eskimo inuit of the time.
Significant deposits of laboradite are found in Canada, US, Mexico, Madagascar and Finland, among many other places.
Specification – the act of describing or identifying something precisely, a detailed description of the design and materials used to make something.
Labradorite has an uneven to conchoidal fracture and is translucent to transparent. It has an albite twinning and appears with a vitreous luster that is pearly on the cleavage. The crystal measures a 6-6.5 on the Mohs Scale.The main characteristic of labradorite is that it displays an iridescent optical effect when tilted or viewed at angles. These magical, fiery reflections are known as labradorescence.
Labradorite is used extensively in jewelery and ceramic glaze. It is also used in glass making and crushed as stone for road construction.
Varieties – a number or range of things of the same general class that are different or distinct in character or quality.
Labradorite is a variety of Feldspar. Some Labradorite gems with high degree of labradorescence are termed as Spectrolite.
Esoteric Attributes – a quality or feature as characteristic of or possed by something.
Crystals by their very nature are able to receive and focus energy in different ways. Their molecular structure enables them to be used to amplify and convert energy and hence crystals have been used for centuries to aid healing and transmute energy both in the metaphysical and physical world.Because each crystal family has different formational backgrounds, each also has different vibrational frequencies that can be harnesed and used for specific purposes. Each therefore have specific qualities that can be used to help a person heal on the many different levels of their being.
The following is a list of healing attributes associated with Labradorite crystals.
Mental: Labradorite helps with the realisation of what is illusory and what is reality. The stone aids in the retrieval of forgotton memories.
Emotional: Labradorite delivers a depth of emotion and strengthens mediumistic ability. The stone aids with clarity of intuition.
Physical: Labradorite relieves gout and rheumatism and also alleviates the sensitivity to blood pressure and colds.
Crystal Chart – Labradorite
Crystal:
Labradorite
Mineralogy:
Coloured , Glittering Feldspar
Geometric form:
Triclinic
Formation:
Primary
Family:
Feldspar Silicates
Birthstone:
Labradorite is associated with the Astrological signs of Scorpio, Sagittarius and Leo.
Appearance:
Labradorite has an uneven to conchoidal fracture and is translucent to transparent. It has an albite twinning and appears with a vitreous luster that is pearly on the cleavage. The crystal measures a 6-6.5 on the Mohs Scale.
Aura:
Labradorite helps to seal the aura from energy leaks whilst balancing, protecting and strengthening against negative energies.
Colour:
Green and Black with a featured characteristic that is highly iridescent.
Chakra:
A mystical stone, Labradorite is strongly associated with the Third Eye Chakra as it strengthens psychic ability and sharpens intuition.
International Crystals – References and resources:
Michael Gienger, Healing Crystals, Earthdancer Books, 2009
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Crystal, 6th ed. 2014
World of Earth Science, Quartz, 2003
Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology, Crystal Healing, 2001
Origin – the place or situation from which something comes, the beginning of something’s existence, the point from which it starts out, the thing from which it is ultimately derived.
Larimar is a variety of pectolite that is a rare light blue. It is an acid silicate hydrate of sodium and calcium. The attractive blue colour derives from the insertion of cobalt as a substitute for calcium.
Sourced in the Dominican Republic in the Caribbean, the stone occured as a result of the eruption of basalts, andesites and miocene volcanic rocks within limestone on the South Coast of the island.
The cavities within these rocks were penetrated by the blue pectolite as well as other minerals, creating fillings that, when eroded from the rock, naturally tumble downslope to settle in the beach gravel and alluvium. This process allows the stone to naturally polish and stand out in the settled water sediment.
All crystals belong to a different group according to the basis of the relationships of their axes. There are 7 systems and 32 classes of symmetry. Larimar crystals belong to the Triclinic system.
History – the past considered as a whole, the whole series of past events connected with someone or sometihing, a continuous typically chronological record of importance.
Records from the Dominican Republic Ministry of Mining show that a request was made by Father Miguel Domingo Fuertes Loren to explore and mine a blue rock that had been discovered. This request was made on 23rd November 1916 and was rejected.
The stone was re-discovered in 1974 by Miguel Mendez who named the stone for his younger daughter Larissa and the Spanish word for sea; mar. The Los Chupaderos mined was formed to exploit the stone commercially. The stone was then brought to the US market in 1986.
Specification – the act of describing or identifying something precisely, a detailed description of the design and materials used to make something.
Larimar has a silky luster with a transluscent to opaque transparency. The stone measures 5-8 on the Mohs scale rating of hardness and has a cleavage of 2,2.
The stone has been a specialty in Caribbean jewellery making and is mainly set in silver with some of the more high grade examples set in gold. It has strated to expand geographically with the far east manufacturing industry managing exports of this stone.
Varieties – a number or range of things of the same general class that are different or distinct in character or quality.
Larimar is a unique stone and can also be referred to as Stefilia’s Stone.
Esoteric Attributes – a quality or feature as characteristic of or possed by something.
Crystals by their very nature are able to receive and focus energy in different ways. Their molecular structure enables them to be used to amplify and convert energy and hence crystals have been used for centuries to aid healing and transmute energy both in the metaphysical and physical world.
Because each crystal family has different formational backgrounds, each also has different vibrational frequencies that can be harnesed and used for specific purposes. Each therefore have specific qualities that can be used to help a person heal on the many different levels of their being.
The following is a list of healing attributes associated with Larimar crystals.
Mental: Larimar is known to widen the perceptive senses and provide clarity of thought.
Emotional: Larimar helps to understand and assimilate absorbed impressions . It helps to increase and demarcate spiritual space.
Physical: Larimar aids with issues that occur with the head, throat and chest. It also stimulates brain activity and sensitivity.
Crystal Chart – Larimar
Crystal:
Larimar
Mineralogy:
Pectolite containing Copper.
Geometric form:
Triclinic
Formation:
Primary
Family:
Silicate
Birthstone:
Larimar is associated with the astrological signs of Leo and Pisces.
Appearance:
Larimar has a silky luster with a transluscent to opaque transparency. The stone measures 5-8 on the Mohs scale rating of hardness and has a cleavage of 2,2.
Aura:
Larimar opens up the higher vibrational energies whilst also absorbing and clearing negative energies that surround the aura. It removes stress and brings balance.
Colour:
Larimar has a striking blue colour with inflections of green and white.
Chakra:
Larimar is associated primarily with the Throat Chakra and secondarily with the Third Eye and Crown Chakras.
International Crystals – References and resources:
Michael Gienger, Healing Crystals, Earthdancer Books, 2009
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Crystal, 6th ed. 2014
World of Earth Science, Quartz, 2003
Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology, Crystal Healing, 2001
Origin – the place or situation from which something comes, the beginning of something’s existence, the point from which it starts out, the thing from which it is ultimately derived.
Dioptase is a relatively uncommon copper cyclosilicate that forms as a secondary mineral within copper sulfide mineral deposits that occur with an oxidized zone.
It is uncommon as it only occurs in dry climates where acids are buffered by carbonate and, over time, tiny, minute particles of silica reacts with dissolved copper to form the crystal.
All crystals belong to a different group according to the basis of the relationships of their axes. There are 7 systems and 32 classes of symmetry. Dioptase crystals belong to the Trigonal system.
History – the past considered as a whole, the whole series of past events connected with someone or sometihing, a continuous typically chronological record of importance.
Dioptase has a documentated history that stretches back to around 7200 BC. This is known due to the discovery at Ain Ghazal of three pre-neolithic B lime plaster statues known as Noah, Heifa and Micah. The statues’ eyes were highlighted at the edges with the green Dioptase.
Khazakstan deposits were discovered in the late 18th Century in copper mines that contained veins of emerald green, transparent crystals. It was orignally thought to be emeralds but on analysis it was determined that it was too soft.
The crystal was eventually named by the French mineralogist, Fr Rene Just Hauy, after the Greek terms dia and optos. These terms mean through and visible and refer to the duo of cleavage directions that can be seen in unbroken types of Dioptase.
Specification – the act of describing or identifying something precisely, a detailed description of the design and materials used to make something.
Dioptase has a cleavage that is perfect in three directions. It is transparent to transluscent with a vitreous luster. The stone has a conchoidal fracture and is very brittle with a mid hardness on the Mohs scale of 5.
The stone is popular with collectors and is sometimes used to create small gems that are emerald like in appearance. It is not used extensively in jewellery due to its brittleness and fragility. It can also be ground into a pigment for painting.
Varieties – a number or range of things of the same general class that are different or distinct in character or quality.
Dioptase is a unique stone that is likened to an emerald due to its colour and is also associated with the Chrysocolla crystal.
Esoteric Attributes – a quality or feature as characteristic of or possed by something.
Crystals by their very nature are able to receive and focus energy in different ways. Their molecular structure enables them to be used to amplify and convert energy and hence crystals have been used for centuries to aid healing and transmute energy both in the metaphysical and physical world.
Because each crystal family has different formational backgrounds, each also has different vibrtional frequencies that can be harnesed and used for specific purposes. Each therefore have specific qualities that can be used to help a person heal on the many different levels of their being.
The following is a list of healing attributes associated with Dioptase crystals.
Mental: Dioptase is a creative stone that opens up unlimited ideas for creativity. It unleashes the hidden potential of a person.
Emotional: Dioptase brings on intensive dreams and hidden depths of feelings and emotion. It is an aid to projecting self-perception and outward perception in the right way.
Physical: Dioptase is an aid to the alleviation of cramps and pains. The stone is also used to fortify the liver.
Crystal Chart – Dioptase
Crystal:
Dioptase
Mineralogy:
Hydrous Copper Ring Silicate
Geometric form:
Trigonal
Formation:
Secondary
Family:
Silicate
Birthstone:
Dioptase is associated with the Astrological signs of Scorpio and Sagittarius.
Apperance:
Vitreous luster with a conchoidal fracture. Dioptase has a three direction, perfect cleavage and is transluscent to transparent with a brittle, fragile tenacity.
Aura:
Dioptase brings balance to the Aura providing enhancement to the meditative state and smoothing the channels for the energy flow within.
Colour:
Dioptase appears with a vibrant green colour, similar to that of the emerald..
Chakra:
Dioptase is associated with the Heart Chakra. It is used to clear and enhance all the Chakras to a higher awareness level.
International Crystals – References and resources:
Michael Gienger, Healing Crystals, Earthdancer Books, 2009
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Crystal, 6th ed. 2014
World of Earth Science, Quartz, 2003
Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology, Crystal Healing, 2001
Origin – the place or situation from which something comes, the beginning of something’s existence, the point from which it starts out, the thing from which it is ultimately derived.
Aquamarine is a crystal of primary formation which means it was formed from molten magma. This usually happens in cavities in volcanoes where the combination of chemistary and structural arrangements of mineral deposits, atoms and substances pass from gas or liquid into a solid state or by means of going out of solution by precipitation or evaporation.
The crystal is formed in igneous rocks and often, granite. It can be found in other sources of sedimentary rocks like limestone or shale. Aquamarines can form larger more transparent crystals then the other Beryl varieties which are formed as hexagonal, columnar prisms.
Aquamarine is a blue or cyan variety of Beryl which is composed of beryllium aluminium cyclosilicate This is in turn, a group of the Silicate family. The Fe2+ ion is said to determine the blue colour whilst Fe3+ produces a golden yellow hue. The combination of these ions produces the darker, deep blue of the maxixe.
All crystals belong to a different group according to the basis of the relationships of their axes. There are 7 systems and 32 classes of symmetry. Aquamarine crystals belong to the Hexagonal system.
History – the past considered as a whole, the whole series of past events connected with someone or sometihing, a continuous typically chronological record of importance.
The Aquamarine was named in 1609 by Anselmus de Boodt after the Latin term aqua marina meaning water of the sea. Prior to this it was known as a sea-green Beryl.
The reference of the crystal, though goes way back to the 2nd century where it was referred to as seeming to have come from a mermaids treasure house. The Roman’s blessed the stone as it was said to join in young love and in the Middle Ages it was worn as a pendant and used as an oracle crystal.
The stones are mined globally and significant finds have occured in the US and Brazil. The largest gemstone quality aquamarine found was in 1910. It was found in brazil and weighed over 110 Kg.
Specification – the act of describing or identifying something precisely, a detailed description of the design and materials used to make something.
Aquamarines appear in natural form and are enhanced through the tumbling, cutting and polishing process.
There is a strong market for lab created aquamarines. These may be heat treated to obtain the desired hue of colour.
Varieties – a number or range of things of the same general class that are different or distinct in character or quality.
Aquamarines derive from the Beryl family and are associated with:
Aquamarine Chrysolite
Maxixe
Esoteric Attributes – a quality or feature as characteristic of or possed by something.
Crystals by their very nature are able to receive and focus energy in different ways. Their molecular structure enables them to be used to amplify and convert energy and hence crystals have been used for centuries to aid healing and transmute energy both in the metaphysical and physical world.
Because each crystal family has different formational backgrounds, each also has different vibrtional frequencies that can be harnesed and used for specific purposes. Each therefore have specific qualities that can be used to help a person heal on the many different levels of their being.
The following is a list of healing attributes associated with Aquamarine crystals.
Mental: Aquamarines bring clarity of the mind and are known to clear up confusions and resolve unfinish matters.
Emotional: Aquamarine crystals increase light heartedness and improve emotional discipline whilst also allowing you greater perseverance in the mind.
Physical: Aquamarines assist with hayfever and other allergies. They also help with eye problems, the thyroid gland and bladder and respiratory issues.
Crystal Chart – Aquamarine
Crystal:
Aquamarine
Mineralogy:
Beryl with iron
Geometric form:
Hexagonal
Formation:
Primary (moltan magma)
Family:
Beryl
Birthstone:
Aquamarine is associated with the months of March and October and is linked to Scorpio as a Beryl in the
Astrology Birthstone (Zodiac)
Appearance:
Vitreous and transluscent, the aquamarine is conchoidal with an indistinct cleavage.
Aura:
Aquamarine crystals are used to clear communication blocks and enhance spiritual communication. The stone enhances the aura and allows for the alignment of all the Chakras.
Colour:
Aquamarine colours are blue to blue green. They can contain a colour streak of white.
Chakra:
Dissipates the obstacles to communication and aligns all the Chakras. It primarily works with the Heart Chakra and is also associated with the Throat, Thymus and Third Eye chakras.
International Crystals – References and resources:
Michael Gienger, Healing Crystals, Earthdancer Books, 2009
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Crystal, 6th ed. 2014
World of Earth Science, Quartz, 2003
Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology, Crystal Healing, 2001
Covellite derives its name from its founder Nicholas Covelli who first found them in Italy. Covellite is a rare copper sulphide mineral. It is a copper based stone. The mineral is associated with chalcocite. It is commonly found with and occurs as coatings on chalcocite, chalcopyrite, bornite, enargite and pyrite.
It is commonly found as a secondary copper mineral in deposits. It forms in weathering environments near the surface in deposits where copper is the primary sulphide. It also forms as descending surface water in the supergene enrichment zone oxidizes and redeposits covellite on hypogene sulphides. Covellite has a unique crystal structure due to the conditions of its formation. It is restricted to hydrothermal conditions. It undergoes a complex oxidation process which depends on the state and history of its sulphides. Ammonium metavanadate is an important catalyst for covellites solid state transformation from other copper sulphides. It occurs as thin platy hexagonal crystals and rosettes also massive to granular.
It ranges in colour from dark blue to black with a shimmer of gold or red colour on the surface. Sometimes there are hints of a purple rose iridescence. Covellite can be found in Montana in USA, Italy, Germany, Sardinia, Wales, Alaska and Peru.
Physical
Covellite improves feeling of well-being, harmonises stress and rest and promotes ingestion, detoxification and sexuality. It heals problems with the ears, nose, mouth and sinuses. It eliminates toxins and removes dense energies.
Emotional
Covellite is a stone to transform your dreams into reality. It enhances positivity and brings miracles into your life. It promotes self-love, self-recognition and helps with discontentment, arrogance and vanity. It helps accept oneself as one is. It helps find solutions to problems and ways to accomplish goals. It relieves despondency, depression and anxiety.
It enhances intuitive and psychic abilities. It strengthens the connection to the higher self.
Attributes
It stimulates the third eye energies making it a wonderful stone to use during the dream stone, it enhances dreams and helps remember details about them. As a copper based stone it has a natural ability to pull out stuck energy, unhealthy mental and physical patterns, emotional traumas and any lower energy that no longer serves us.
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